Use Of Photobiomodulation Therapy Research Articles

Effect of photobiomodulation therapy as a multimodal approach to treatment of dermal abrasions in cownose rays (Rhinoptera bonasus).

Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has become increasingly utilized in the zoo and aquarium fields to treat ailments in various species; however, its use in teleosts and elasmobranchs is relatively underrepresented in the literature. This study examined the efficacy of PBMT as an adjunct treatment to reduce the healing time of dermal abrasions in cownose rays (Rhinoptera bonasus). Ten cownose rays were included in this study and separated into control (n = 5) and treatment groups (n = 5). Animals in both treatment and control groups received intramuscular injections of enrofloxacin every 72 h to provide broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage. Cownose rays in the treatment group additionally received PBMT using the Companion® CTC-12 unit using the large, noncontact head. Control group rays were subjected to identical handling without the use of PBMT. A total of 196 Joules were delivered at a power of 2 W based on a dose of 5 J/cm2 at each session. Observational analysis revealed a lack of appreciable difference in healing time between the treatment and control groups in the aforementioned settings; however, it is recommended that PBMT protocols should be re-evaluated if there is little to no response in healing after three to four sessions. PBMT use on acute superficial dermal abrasions in cownose rays was well-tolerated in this study and may have utility in a multimodal treatment approach to wound healing. This study also produced a wound scoring metric based on photographs captured at each treatment. Future studies should utilize increased fluence (J/cm2) and irradiance (W/cm2) and incorporate synchronous histological analysis and increased sample size.

The effect of photobiomodulation therapy in common maxillofacial injuries: Current status.

The use of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) may be used for treating trauma to the maxillofacial region. The effects of PBMT on maxillofacial injuries were discussed in this review article. The electronic databases Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science were thoroughly searched. This review included in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies describing how PBMT can be used in maxillofacial tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Some studies suggest that PBMT may offer a promising therapy for traumatic maxillofacial injuries because it can stimulate the differentiation and proliferation of various cells, including dental pulp cells and mesenchymal stem cells, enhancing bone regeneration and osseointegration. PBMT reduces pain and swelling after oral surgery and tooth extraction in human and animal models of maxillofacial injuries. Patients with temporomandibular disorders also benefit from PBMT in terms of reduced inflammation and symptoms. PBMT still has some limitations, such as the need for standardizing parameters. PBMT must also be evaluated further in randomized controlled trials in various maxillofacial injuries. As a result, PBMT offers a safe and noninvasive treatment option for patients suffering from traumatic maxillofacial injuries. PBMT still requires further research to establish its efficacy in clinical practice and determine the optimal parameters.

Long-term effects of photobiomodulation therapy on blood pressure in obese rats induced by a high-fat diet.

The main cardiovascular disease risk associated with obesity is hypertension. The therapeutic use of photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) is suggested for the treatment of wound healing, osteoarthritis, and arterial diseases. However, few studies have measured how red laser (at 660nm) acts over hypertension, and any of those studies used experimental obesity model. The aim of the study was an attempt to evaluate the long-term effect of PBM on systolic blood pressure in an animal model of obesity, induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Our results indicate that PBM carried out 3days a week was able to prevent the increase in blood pressure (133.75 ± 4.82mmHg, n = 8) induced by a high-fat diet (150.00 ± 4.57mmHg, n = 8; p < 0.05), restore nitric oxide levels (control: 31.7 ± 5.5μM, n = 8; HFD + PBM: 29.9 ± 3.7μM, n = 8 > HFD: 22.2 ± 2.9μM, n = 8, p < 0.05), decrease lipoperoxidation (control: 1.65 ± 0.25nM, n = 8; HFD + PBM: 2.05 ± 0.55nM, n = 8 < HFD: 3.20 ± 0.47nM, n = 8; p < 0.05), and improve endothelial function (pD2 control: 7.39 ± 0.08, n = 8 > pD2 HFD + PBM: 7.15 ± 0.07, n = 8 > HFD: 6.94 ± 0.07, n = 8; p < 0.05). Our results indicate that PBM prevents the elevation of blood pressure in an obese animal model by a mechanism that involves improvement of endothelial function through an antioxidant effect.

Effect of Laser Photobiomodulation on Postoperative Pain in Endodontics: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Photobiomodulation therapy has proven benefits in various dental treatments. The current systematic review aims to explore the role of laser photobiomodulation in modulating postoperative pain followed by endodontic treatment. Methods: In this systematic review, randomized controlled clinical trials on low-level laser therapy/photobiomodulation in endodontic therapy were analyzed. Database search was performed in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, followed by literature search in Google Scholar. Results: A total of 12 studies were included as per the set criteria. The included studies utilized diode laser (808-970 nm) and indium gallium aluminum. All the included studies evaluated postendodontic pain after root canal therapy and endodontic surgery. A majority of the included studies showed significant benefits of photobiomodulation in postoperative pain management in endodontic therapy.Heterogeneity of the laser parameters and lack of power calculations for sampling among the included studies preclude solid recommendation of use of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) for postendodontic pain management. Conclusions: Although PBMT has proven potential benefits being a possible adjunct in postoperative pain management in endodontic therapy, it requires robust standardized randomized control trials to confirm the results of the systematic review.

An Open Label Study Comparing Photobiomodulation Therapy to Cryotherapy in Patients at High Risk for Drug-Induced Oral Mucositis

Background and rationale Oral mucositis (OM) is one of the most common side effects of chemotherapy and may lead to weight loss and increased risk for infection ultimately impairing overall survival. Evaluated options for mucositis prophylaxis in patients receiving a high-dose chemotherapy include oral cryotherapy (CT) and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) using laser diodes to reduce incidence and severity of OM. However, standards of mucositis prophylaxis in German hospitals differ substantially. While CT has been standard of care in melphalan treated patients, the German guidelines for supportive oncology do not recommend the use of PBMT for patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy. Several clinical trials have demonstrated the beneficial effect of PBMT, however, no randomized clinical trials (RCT) exist to compare the efficacy of oral CT versus PBMT. Study design This is a single-center, open-label, randomized, two-arm interventional trial to evaluate the efficacy of PBMT and CT as prophylaxis of OM in patients with hematological malignancies receiving high-dose chemotherapy as part of a conditioning regimen prior to hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) or high-dose methotrexate (MTX, defined as ≥ 500 mg/m 2). Randomization will occur 1:1, stratified according to conditioning regimen/chemotherapy protocol. The primary endpoint of the trial is rate of severe OM as assessed by the world health organization (WHO) OM grading scale grade 3 or higher. Key secondary endpoints include duration of OM, patient reported pain, total parenteral nutrition, opioid usage, weight loss, length of in-patient stay and overall survival. Eligible patients randomized to receive PBMT will undergo daily laser therapy at 4 J/cm² of the oral mucosal areas most frequently affected by OM, starting on the first day of the administration of chemotherapy, until neutrophil engraftment or resolution of OM, whatever occurs first. Eligible patients randomized to oral CT will receive ice chips (IC) made from filtered tap water or flavored ice popsicles on days of chemotherapy infusions only, starting 5 min prior to chemotherapy until 30 min after the end of infusion. Patients ≥ 18 years of age, receiving therapies with high potential to induce OM, including the conditioning regimen high-dose melphalan, carmustine/etoposide/cytarabine/melphalan (BEAM), thiotepa/etoposide/cytarabine/melphalan (TEAM), fludarabine/thiotepa/melphalan (FTM) and fludarabine/melphalan (FM) or chemotherapy protocols with high-dose MTX, are included in this trial. The trial tests the null hypothesis (H 0) that the observed rate of severe OM with PBMT and CT prophylaxis are equal versus the alternative hypothesis (H 1) that the observed rate of severe OM differs between CT and PBMT. We estimate a rate of severe OM of 45 % in our trial population (H 0). With a power of 80 %, a type 1 error rate of 5 %, and an expected difference in severe OM rate of 30 % considered relevant between both arms, with an expected dropout rate of 5 %, n = 86 patients should participate in the study to ensure discrimination of H 0 and H 1. Conclusion This study aims to compare PBMT and CT with regard to their effectiveness in the prevention of severe OM in a randomized trial for the first time. Our objective is to provide data that may guide the development of a standardized OM prophylaxis for patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy. At the time of abstract submission, 8 patients have been randomized in the study. Acknowledgments This is an independent academic trial conducted under the sponsor role of the University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. This study is conducted in compliance with the protocol, Good Clinical Practice (GCP), all applicable regulatory requirements and the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

Photobiomodulation therapy reverses spermatogenesis arrest in hyperthermia-induced azoospermia mouse model.

Testicular heat stress leads to impairment of spermatogenesis in mammals. Involved mechanism in this vulnerability to heat-induced injury remains unclear, and research is being conducted to find an approach to reverse spermatogenesis arrest caused by hyperthermia. Recently, different studies have utilized photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) therapy for the improvement of sperm criteria and fertility. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of PBMT on the improvement of spermatogenesis in mouse models of hyperthermia-induced azoospermia. A total of 32 male NMRI mice were equally divided into four groups consisting of control, hyperthermia, hyperthermia + Laser 0.03 J/cm2, and hyperthermia + Laser 0.2 J/cm2. To induce scrotal hyperthermia, mice were anesthetized and placed in a hot water bath at 43 °C for 20 min for 5 weeks. Then, PBMT was operated for 21 days using 0.03 J/cm2 and 0.2 J/cm2 laser energy densities in the Laser 0.03 and Laser 0.2 groups, respectively. Results revealed that PBMT with lower intensity (0.03 J/cm2) increased succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio in hyperthermia-induced azoospermia mice. At the same time, low-level PBMT reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential, and lipid peroxidation levels in the azoospermia model. These alterations accompanied the restoration of spermatogenesis manifested by the elevated number of testicular cells, increased volume and length of seminiferous tubules, and production of mature spermatozoa. After conducting experiments and analyzing the results, it has been revealed that the use of PBMT at a dosage of 0.03 J/cm2 has shown remarkable healing effects in the heat-induced azoospermia mouse model.

Photobiomodulation Therapy in Mitigating the Risk of SARS CoV-2 Infection by Enhancing Biodiversity of Oral Microbiome-A Conceptual Hypothesis Based on Scoping Review

Since March 2020, scientists across the globe are looking for ways to combat COVID-19, a viral disease of recent times which was declared Pandemic by WHO. Mounting an incompetent immune reverberation and the surge in pro-inflammatory cytokines are the main cause for complications. Hence, it is hypothesized that photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) using low-level light therapy (LLLT) might be a successful therapeutic treatment for COVID-19 victims since it has been shown to be successful in enhancing immunity, aiding in tissue healing, and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines. The goal of this scoping review is to investigate the potential use of PBMT as a promising neo-strategy for an alternative therapy for the treatment of patients with COVID-19 in light of the significance of underlying pathways in the mitigation, therapeutic interventions, and recovery of chronic diseases like COVID-19. The findings of the review revealed that PBMT using a low-level laser has been proven to be effective in treating COVID-19’s initial stages and prevent the progression to severe form of the disease. This approach needs to be confirmed by clinical trials and larger studies that include a wider population. Because of its proven effectiveness in reducing inflammation, thrombosis and accelerate wound healing, PBMT may be a promising approach to reduce the severity of COVID-19, especially in the lungs. Based on the findings of the review, we propose a novel hypothesis of utilizing PBMT to enhance the biodiversity of oral microbiome which will help in extenuating the imperilment of SARS CoV-2 infection.

Photobiomodulation therapy for the prevention of acute radiation dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Approximately 95% of patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT) experience radiation dermatitis (RD). Evidence has suggested that photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) can stimulate skin renewal and minimize RD. The aim of the present paper was to investigate the efficacy of PBMT in RD prevention through a comprehensive literature review. A literature search of Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases was conducted from 1980 to March 2021 to identify RCT on the use of PBMT for RD prevention. Forest plots were developed using RevMan software to quantitatively compare data between studies. Five papers were identified: four in breast and one in head and neck cancer patients. Patients receiving PBMT experienced less severe RD than the control groups after 40 Gray (Gy) of RT (grade 3 toxicity: Odds Ratio (OR): 0.57, 95% CI 0.14-2.22, p = 0.42) and at the end of RT (grade 0 + 1 vs. 2 + 3 toxicity: OR: 0.28, 95% CI 0.15-0.53, p < 0.0001). RT interruptions due to RD severity were more frequent in the control group (OR: 0.81, 95% CI 0.10-6.58, p = 0.85). Preventive PBMT may be protective against the development of severe grades of RD and reduce the frequency of RT interruptions. Larger sample sizes and other cancer sites at-risk of RD should be evaluated in future studies to confirm the true efficacy of PBMT, also in preventing the onset of RD and to finalize a standardized protocol to optimize the technique. At present, starting PBMT when RT starts is recommendable, as well as performing 2 to 3 laser sessions weekly.

Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: Are Phototherapies Advantageous for Managing Orofacial Lesions? Our Experience With Brazilian Hospitals

Our research group has recently published some case reports on the use of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for managing orofacial lesions in COVID-19 patients, giving a new perspective on the role of laser in daily practice during COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, considering our wide experience with these patients in Brazil, the current commentary paper aimed to briefly present some multicenter cases in which PBMT and aPDT were used concomitantly to manage orofacial lesions in critically ill patients with COVID-19, a condition that has never been addressed in the literature. The proposed laser protocol was effective in wound healing in all the cases; however, the degree of improvement and the period required varied substantially. Given the cases presented, we hope to encourage clinicians to consider using aPDT and PBMT concomitantly for managing COVID-19-related orofacial lesions in intensive care unit patients with respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation.

The combined use of photobiomodulation therapy and platelet-rich fibrin for the management of two MRONJ stage II cases: An alternative approach

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) is a relatively rare but serious adverse drug reaction in patients under bone-targeting or antiangiogenic medication for malignant or osteometabolic diseases. The pathogenesis of MRONJ is multifactorial with the inhibition of osteoclasts and angiogenesis considered to play a keyrole in an individually susceptible environment, thus its prevalence is highly differentiated according to each study. Even though MRONJ has been reported since 2003 and the literature is expanding rapidly about possible risk factors, prevention and treatment options, the successful management with no recurrence is still under controversy. The conservative non-surgical (optimal oral hygiene, systemic antibiotic therapy) and surgical procedures (debridement, sequestrectomy or bone resection) are considered the treatment of choice especially at the early stages. Adjuvant therapies have been proposed to further stimulate bone and tissue healing such as teriparatide, bone morphogenic proteins, platelet concentrates, hyperbaric oxygen, ozone therapy, photodynamic therapy and lasers with promising results. The need to develop minimally invasive treatment protocols using novel technologies in particular for those patients with severe medical history has been highlighted in the literature. The clinical protocol that has been developed in our dental department, which is effectively contributing to MRONJ management and associates Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) with platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF), will be presented in this article.

Photobiomodulation Therapy in the Prevention and Treatment of Radiodermatitis in Breast Cancer Patients: Systematic Review.

Introduction: Radiodermatitis (RD) is the most common side-effect of radiation therapy, yet its prevention and treatment through photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) have demonstrated promising results. This study aimed to synthesize the evidence concerning the use of PBMT in managing RD among breast cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. Methods: This is a systematic review with no time restrictions, based on the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), including such databases as PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL. The studies were selected based on the following inclusion criteria: female participants over 18 years of age and females having breast cancer and undergoing radiation therapy using a three-dimensional technique or an intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) technique. Two reviewers assessed the methodological quality using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist, and the report was described based on PRISMA guidelines. Results: Red and infrared wavelengths were used. Device power ranged from 1.1 W to 0.08 W for continuous modes and 25 W for pulsed mode, resulting in a 3 and 4 J/cm2 fluence, applied throughout radiation therapy, leading to a reduced severity in cutaneous reactions. Conclusion: PBMT can reduce the severity of RD. New clinical trials are required to standardize protocols, given the scarcity of studies for the adopted site and methodological diversity.

IMPACT OF PHOTOBIOMODULATION THERAPY IN A PATIENT-DERIVED XENOGRAFT MODEL OF ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. Study Design BALB/c nude mice with OSCC-PDX models were divided into nonirradiated and irradiated groups. OSCC-PDX were irradiated daily (660 nm; 100 mW; 6 J/cm2; 0.2 J/point) for 12 weeks. The tumors were collected and submitted to volumetric, histologic, immunohistochemical, and cell cycle analysis. Results No significant differences in the volumetric measurements (P = .89) and in the histopathologic grade (P > .05) were detected between the groups. The immunohistochemical analysis of Ki-67 (P = .9661), H3K9ac (P = .3794), and BMI1 (P = .5182) and the evaluation of the cell cycle phases (P > .05) by flow cytometry also did not demonstrate significant differences between the irradiated and nonirradiated groups. Conclusions In this study, PBMT did not affect the behavior of OSCC-PDX models. This is an important preclinical outcome regarding safety concerns of the use of PBMT in patients with cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in an oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. BALB/c nude mice with OSCC-PDX models were divided into nonirradiated and irradiated groups. OSCC-PDX were irradiated daily (660 nm; 100 mW; 6 J/cm2; 0.2 J/point) for 12 weeks. The tumors were collected and submitted to volumetric, histologic, immunohistochemical, and cell cycle analysis. No significant differences in the volumetric measurements (P = .89) and in the histopathologic grade (P > .05) were detected between the groups. The immunohistochemical analysis of Ki-67 (P = .9661), H3K9ac (P = .3794), and BMI1 (P = .5182) and the evaluation of the cell cycle phases (P > .05) by flow cytometry also did not demonstrate significant differences between the irradiated and nonirradiated groups. In this study, PBMT did not affect the behavior of OSCC-PDX models. This is an important preclinical outcome regarding safety concerns of the use of PBMT in patients with cancer.

Full-Body Photobiomodulation Therapy Is Associated with Reduced Sleep Durations and Augmented Cardiorespiratory Indicators of Recovery.

Research is emerging on the use of Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) and its potential for augmenting human performance, however, relatively little research exists utilizing full-body administration methods. As such, further research supporting the efficacy of whole-body applications of PBMT for behavioral and physiological modifications in applicable, real-world settings are warranted. The purpose of this analysis was to observe cardiorespiratory and sleep patterns surrounding the use of full-body PBMT in an elite cohort of female soccer players. Members of a women’s soccer team in a “Power 5 conference” of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) were observed across one competitive season while wearing an OURA Ring nightly and a global positioning system (GPS) sensor during training. Within-subject comparisons of cardiorespiratory physiology, sleep duration, and sleep composition were evaluated the night before and after PBMT sessions completed as a standard of care for team recovery. Compared to pre-intervention, mean heart rate (HR) was significantly lower the night after a PBMT session (p = 0.0055). Sleep durations were also reduced following PBMT, with total sleep time (TST) averaging 40 min less the night after a session (p = 0.0006), as well as significant reductions in light sleep (p = 0.0307) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep durations (p = 0.0019). Sleep durations were still lower following PBMT, even when controlling for daily and accumulated training loads. Enhanced cardiorespiratory indicators of recovery following PBMT, despite significant reductions in sleep duration, suggest that it may be an effective modality for maintaining adequate recovery from the high stress loads experienced by elite athletes.

Photobiomodulation Therapy Combined with Static Magnetic Field Reduces Pain in Patients with Chronic Nonspecific Neck and/or Shoulder Pain: A Randomized, Triple-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has been used to treat patients with chronic neck and/or shoulder pain. However, it is unknown whether the concurrent use of PBMT and static magnetic field (PBMT-sMF) also has positive effects in these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PBMT-sMF versus placebo on pain intensity, range of motion (ROM) and treatment satisfaction in patients with chronic nonspecific neck and/or shoulder pain. A randomized controlled trial, with blinded assessors, therapists and patients was carried out. Seventy-two patients with chronic nonspecific neck and/or shoulder pain were randomized to either active PBMT-sMF (n = 36) or placebo PBMT-sMF (n = 36). Patients were treated twice weekly, over 3 weeks. Primary outcome was pain intensity, measured 15 min after the last treatment session and at 24-, 48-, 72-h, and 7-days after the last treatment. Secondary outcomes were ROM, patient’ treatment satisfaction, and adverse effects. PBMT-sMF was able to reduce pain intensity in all time points tested compared to placebo (p < 0.05). There was no difference between groups in the secondary outcomes (p > 0.05). Our results suggest that PBMT-sMF is better than placebo to reduce pain in patients with chronic nonspecific neck and/or shoulder pain at short-term.

The use of photobiomodulation therapy for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial (NEUROLASER trial)

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) in breast cancer patients.MethodsA prospective, randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial (NEUROLASER) was set up with 32 breast cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy (ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT03391271). Patients were randomized to receive PBM (n = 16) or placebo treatments (n = 16) (2 × /week) during their chemotherapy. The modified Total Neuropathy Score (mTNS), six-minute walk test (6MWT), Numeric pain Rating Scale (NRS), and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group Taxane (FACT/GOG-Taxane) were used to evaluate the severity of CIPN and the patients’ quality of life (QoL). Outcome measures were collected at the first chemotherapy session, 6 weeks after initiation of chemotherapy, at the final chemotherapy session, and 3 weeks after the end of chemotherapy (follow-up).ResultsThe mTNS score increased significantly over time in both the control and the PBM group. A significantly higher score for FACT/GOG-Taxane was observed in the PBM group during chemotherapy compared to the control group. Questions of the FACT/GOG-Taxane related to sensory peripheral neuropathy symptoms showed a significant increase in severeness over time in the control group, whereas they remained constant in the PBM group. At follow-up, a (borderline) significant difference was observed between both groups for the 6MWT and patients’ pain level, in benefit of the PBM group.ConclusionsThis NEUROLASER trial shows promising results concerning the prevention of CIPN with PBM in breast cancer patients. Furthermore, a better QoL was observed when treated with PBM.

The role of intercellular mediators in the regulation of reparative processes of chronic wounds when using photobiomodulation therapy

Objective: The treatment of chronic wounds is one of the actual problems in medicine. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has gained considerable recognition among treatment modalities for various medical problems including wound repair processes. This research aims to investigate the role of intercellular mediators in the regulation of reparative processes of chronic wounds with the PBM therapy in the experiment. Methods: Studies were performed on 12 Wistar rats weighing 250 ± 30g. Rats were used for modeling a chronic wound. Animals were divided into two groups: control and experimental.The animal wounds from the experimental group were treated with low-intensity laser radiation from “Lika-therapist М” in continuous mode using a wavelength of 660 nm, output power at 50 mWt, energy density at 1 J/cm² once per day for 5 days. On the 14th day after the application of wounds, 6 rats from each group were removed from the experiment. PBM efficiency was evaluated with intercellular mediators analysis, as well as with histological examination. ELISA serum analysis was done for quantifying interleukin- 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Statistical processing of the results was performed using the Statistica 6.0 analysis package. Result: PBM effect on the expression of intercellular mediators in blood serum of animals with chronic wounds after 14 days after wound modeling, showed: increase of cytokine IL-1β (p &gt; 0,05) and IL-4 (p &lt; 0,05) levels; decrease of TNF-α and IL-10 levels (p &lt; 0,05); without significant changes were concentrations IL-6 and GM-CSF. The histological study showed decrease vascular count and better organization of collagen fibers in experimental group. Conclusion: Histological studies of wound healing revealed an earlier transition of the process to the remodeling phase with the use of PBM therapy. PBM therapy can be an instrument for optimizing the reparative process by correcting the regulation by intercellular mediators. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 02 April’22 Page : 398-403

The use of photobiomodulation therapy in the treatment of hair cycle arrest in a Pembroke Welsh corgi

AbstractHair cycle arrest is a relatively common condition of double‐coated breeds with a complex and poorly defined pathogenesis. Several therapeutic options have been described; however, the clinical response is often variable, and some treatment options can be invasive and may invoke adverse effects. Herein is described the first case of hair cycle arrest in a Pembroke Welsh corgi, which was successfully treated with photobiomodulation therapy. Photobiomodulation therapy (previously known as low‐level laser therapy) proved to be a well‐tolerated treatment, with no adverse effects appreciated. Videodermoscopy, a non‐invasive technique, was utilised to objectively measure response to treatment and was a readily repeatable tool for in‐hospital use. This case highlights a previously unrecognised breed to consider for the diagnosis of hair cycle arrest, as well a new indication for photobiomodulation therapy as a treatment option and videodermoscopy diagnostic analysis software as an aid in case management for practitioners moving forward.

Photobiomodulation Therapy Restores IL-10 Secretion in a Murine Model of Chronic Asthma: Relevance to the Population of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Cells in Lung.

It is largely known that photobiomodulation (PBM) has beneficial effects on allergic pulmonary inflammation. Our previous study showed an anti-inflammatory effect of the PBM in an acute experimental model of asthma, and we see that this mechanism is partly dependent on IL-10. However, it remains unclear whether the activation of regulatory T cells is mediated by PBM in a chronic experimental model of asthma. In this sense, the objective of this study was to verify the anti-inflammatory role of the PBM in the pulmonary inflammatory response in a chronic experimental asthma model. The protocol used for asthma induction was the administration of OVA subcutaneously (days 0 and 14) and intranasally (3 times/week, for 5 weeks). On day 50, the animals were sacrificed for the evaluation of the different parameters. The PBM used was the diode, with a wavelength of 660 nm, a power of 100 mW, and 5 J for 50 s/point, in three different application points. Our results showed that PBM decreases macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Moreover, PBM decreased the release of cytokines by the lung, mucus, and collagen in the airways and pulmonary mechanics. When we analyzed the percentage of Treg cells in the group irradiated with laser, we verified an increase in these cells, as well as the release of IL-10 in the BALF. Therefore, we conclude that the use of PBM therapy in chronic airway inflammation attenuated the inflammatory process, as well as the pulmonary functional and structural parameters, probably due to an increase in Treg cells.

Blue Laser Light Counteracts HSV-1 in the SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cell Model of Infection.

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is wide-spread virus that triggers painful and recurrent infections, as herpes labialis, causing blister lesions on the lip. HSV-1 infection can be a lifelong condition starting from childhood due to the latency of the virus hidden in the trigeminal ganglia. Despite the use of antiviral treatments, there is not a resolutive cure for herpes. In our study, we tested blue light against HSV-1 in a neuronal cellular model, aimed at mimicking the neuronal tropism of HSV-1. Two laser protocols employing continuous wave and pulse modalities were delivered to infected cell cultures and to the virus alone. A significant reduction of viral replication was observed when the beam was directly applied to the virus, along with an increase in cell survival. Our findings, considering the limitation of the still-unknown mechanisms by which the blue light acts on the virus, suggested a potential use of photobiomodulation therapy for clinical applications against herpes labialis in pediatric patients.

The Efficacy of Photobiomodulation Therapy in Improving Tissue Resilience and Healing of Radiation Skin Damage

The increased precision, efficacy, and safety of radiation brachytherapy has tremendously improved its popularity in cancer care. However, an unfortunate side effect of this therapy involves localized skin damage and breakdown that are managed palliatively currently. This study was motivated by prior reports on the efficacy of photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy in improving tissue resilience and wound healing. We evaluated the efficacy of PBM therapy on 36 athymic mice with 125I seed (0.42 mCi) implantation over 60 days. PBM treatments were performed with either red (660 nm) or near-infrared (880 nm, NIR) LEDs irradiance of 40 mW/cm2, continuous wave, fluence of 20 J/cm2 once per week. Animals were evaluated every 7 days with digital imaging, laser Doppler flowmetry, thermal imaging, µPET-CT imaging using 18F-FDG, and histology. We observed that both PBM treatments—red and NIR—demonstrated significantly less incidence and severity and improved healing with skin radionecrosis. Radiation exposed tissues had improved functional parameters such as vascular perfusion, reduced inflammation, and metabolic derangement following PBM therapy. Histological analysis confirmed these observations with minimal damage and resolution in tissues exposed to radiation. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the successful use of PBM therapy for brachytherapy. The results from this study support future mechanistic lab studies and controlled human clinical studies to utilize this innovative therapy in managing side effects from radiation cancer treatments.